Helwig NCE & CPCE – Human Growth and Development (HGrD) Practice Test

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• In classical conditioning, what happens when an unconditioned stimulus linked to an unconditioned response becomes associated with a conditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response?
• Who wrote Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ in 1995?
• What do Neurotransmitters affect?
• Which of the following is NOT a work by Gail Sheehy?
• What is a key assumption of Perry's Relativism about knowledge?
• What does serotonin affects, critical for, and vital to?
• What is the definition of development?
• Passages are what?
• Which orientation best describes Stage 2 in Kohlberg's moral development?
• Stage 3 is characterized by which orientation?
• Developmental tasks arise from which sources?
• In Freudian theory, defense mechanisms serve primarily to which of the following?
• Intelligence is not fixed or determined solely by genetics. Which factors also influence intelligence?
• Which term is used for frameworks that describe cause-and-effect relationships in psychology?
• At what stage do preschool children show very concrete and physical self-concept, and by about what age can they describe inner qualities?
• What is the basic tenet of self-efficacy?
• Stimulus generalization occurs when
• According to Ivey, D'Andrea and Ivey, what are the levels for which the mind is a product of activity occurring in the brain?
• Who formulated the Law of Effect?
• What is the ego virtue associated with Identity vs Role Confusion?
• Daniel Levinson is best known for which book?
• Erikson believed life is characterized by constant change and development is shaped by what factor?
• Which sequence lists Piaget's four cognitive development stages in the correct order?
• What term refers to the proportion of a population that has a disorder at a given time?
• Castration anxiety is best described as which of the following?
• What is the first stage of Erikson's psychosocial development and its typical age range?
• Urie Bronfenbrenner took what type of approach to the study of human development?
• Which statement best defines psychological dysfunction?
• Which option correctly lists the four principal neurotransmitters important to counselors?
• In behaviorist terms, a reward is defined as what?
• During the Phallic Stage a boy might develop what kind of complex?
• By about age 8, what can children describe?
• Which two individuals are credited with Behaviorism?
• Which neurotransmitter is emphasized as important for memory, cognitive functioning, emotional balance and control?
• What is a qualitative view of change in human growth and development?
• According to behaviorists, punishment is described as what?
• What is the mechanistic view of change in development?
• What qualities should a woman show in a healthy, competent relationship according to Lerner?
• Reinforcement schedules can be continuous or variable; those established through variable or intermittent reinforcement are tougher to extinguish. Which statement about reinforcement schedules is true?
• The phrase 'slow development from a pleasure-ego into a reality-ego' illustrates which principle?
• Which reinforcement pattern makes extinction harder?
• In the classic Pavlovian example, which is the unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response?
• Gail Sheehy famously wrote what book in 1976?
• Which sequence best reflects the development of self-concept from birth to adolescence?
• Which stage is associated with psychosexual conflicts centered on the genitals?
• Which term asks what causes a disorder, incorporating biological, psychological, and social dimensions?
• Explain nature versus nurture.
• Projection as a defense mechanism involves what?
• Punishment in behaviorist terms is best described as?
• Under the Conventional level, Stage 3 and Stage 4 involve decisions based on what?
• Bandura's central concept of social learning theory is what?
• Which measure indicates existing cases at a given point in time?
• Explain genotype and phenotype.
• Havighurst's theory implies that developmental tasks require what?
• Tavris argues that gender differences are due to what?
• What is the Tabula Rasa theory?
• Identify the correct order of Freud's five stages from birth to adolescence.
• According to Piaget, intelligence is what?
• Counselors should be willing and able to address spirituality issues important to the client's situation. True or False?
• Developmental tasks are defined as which of the following?
• Albert Bandura is best known for what type of theory in association with the cognitive-behavioral approach?
• Stage 6 is best described as which orientation?
• According to Harriet Lerner in The Dance of Intimacy, what should women re-evaluate in intimate relationships?
• Define propinquity.
• In Carol Gilligan's work, what do women prioritize in moral reasoning?
• Sublimation is best described as which of the following?
• GABA (gamma amino butyric acid) fulfills which role?
• What term means that an individual has two or more disorders at the same time?
• Levinson believed the majority of men experience a midlife crisis. What does it entail?
• What does Jean Baker Miller's Toward a New Psychology of Women say about caretaking?
• At what ages does the sensorimotor stage occur?
• The fifth stage, Identity vs Role Confusion, occurs during which age range?
• The statement that depression may be caused by physical injury, loss of a loved one, or substance abuse illustrates which concept?
• Which of the following is a principal component of self-in-relation theory?
• The theories that explain how humans grow and develop fall into which broad categories?
• The ego virtue developed in the Industry vs Inferiority stage is
• What describes the formal operational stage?
• Which stage is associated with egocentrism and language development?
• What does Thorndike's Law of Effect state?
• During ages 6 to 11, which Eriksonian stage involves mastering social and academic skills?
• Which example best represents a continuous change?
• What characterizes the concrete operational stage?
• The ego virtue for Generativity vs Stagnation is
• What factors influence the development of attributes and some traits in adolescents?
• What is libido or libidinal energy?
• What is the second stage of Erikson's psychosocial development and its age range?
• Behaviorists believe learning occurs as a result of what?
• Which mechanism of self-efficacy involves watching others perform a behavior to learn it?
• The pleasure principle is defined as what?
• Which neurotransmitter is described as vital to sleep and anxiety control?
• Levinson identified three major transitions between four major life eras. Which set correctly lists these transitions and their approximate ages?
• When does self-concept become more abstract and psychological?
• How many levels did Kohlberg identify in his theory?
• Which defense mechanism involves channeling anxiety or tension into socially acceptable activities?
• Emotional intelligence, as proposed by Goleman, can operate independently of which cognitive process?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the three broad areas of systematic change in development?
• Which concept describes the number of new cases that occur within a given time frame, such as a year?
• Counselor use of theories, skills and interventions help promote the release of what, which promotes related brain changes?
• Which level is considered a higher-order need in Maslow's hierarchy?
• Variable ratio reinforcement schedule is when reinforcement occurs on average after every nth response. Which option correctly describes this?
• In Piaget's theory, accommodation refers to which of the following?
• Identify the core belief of Behaviorism as described in the material.
• Which stage of Freud's theory begins around birth and continues to about 18 months?
• What is neuroscience sometimes referred to in mental health professions?
• Dopamine is important for which of the following aspects of mental function?
• Louis Thurstone identified what in his theory of intelligence?
• In Spearman's theory, what are 'special abilities' (the 's' factor)?
• What effect do opportunities to learn have on intelligence testing outcomes?
• Which statement describes the preschool self-concept?
• Which best describes shaping through successive approximations?
• Which statement describes the sensorimotor stage?
• Which defense mechanism involves substituting a different object or goal for the impulse or motive?
• What characterizes the quantitative view of change?
• What percentage of people are typically capable of Stage 5 or Stage 6?
• According to Charles Spearman, intelligence comprises which two components?
• Which example best represents a qualitative change?
• Which age range corresponds to early adulthood in Levinson's model?
• Which of the following is a Gail Sheehy book about menopause?
• What is the correct order of Maslow's hierarchy from lowest to highest?
• What best defines the defense mechanism rationalization?
• What is self-concept?
• Which statement best reflects the transition in self-concept during development?
• At birth, do infants have any sense of self?
• Which term represents the anticipated course of a disorder?
• What fact did Carol Tavris delineate regarding how women are judged?
• What is the age range for Levinson's early adult transition?
• Which Freudian component is primarily tied to the pleasure principle?
• What does the Relativism stage say about right and wrong answers?
• Spirituality may directly influence client in their view of what?
• What is a schema?
• Which features delineate the preoperational stage?
• Which term describes the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual?
• Reaction formation refers to which of the following?
• What is the third stage of Erikson's psychosocial development and its ego virtue?
• Which are the three broad areas of systematic change in development?
• Developmental tasks arise from physical maturation, cultural influences, and which other factor?
• What is the theoretical self-concept at birth?
• Adaptation in Piaget's theory is defined as what?
• With displacement, someone does which of the following?
• Which factors are cited as contributing to women being treated as second-class citizens?
• What is the first level of Kohlberg's moral development?
• According to Ivey, D'Andrea and Ivey, what impacts the mind, as it is product of activities in the brain?
• Does the stabilization of self-concept attributes continue for adolescents?
• Which statement best describes Perry's Dualism in his scheme of intellectual development?
• Explain the concept of resiliency.
• Failure to regulate stress may lead to a break with reality, resulting in delusional projection or psychotic distortion. This describes which concept?
• Which statement best describes Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
• In the organismic model, which element is emphasized beyond simple stimulus-response?
• What are the four mechanisms that facilitate self-efficacy?
• Stage 6 describes which orientation?
• Which statement describes the continuous view of change?
• Which center and institution is associated with the development of self-in-relation theory in 1991?
• Which term is defined as the scientific study of psychological disorders?
• The reality principle describes which concept?
• What are the four principle neurotransmitters important to counselors?
• Penis envy in Freudian theory refers to which idea?
• Stage 7 Generativity vs Stagnation occurs during which age range?
• During the Phallic Stage a girl might develop what kind of complex?
• What is acetylcholine important for?
• Which statement best reflects the age range for the anal stage?
• In Piaget's theory, organization refers to what?
• What are the basis of social-learning models?
• Self-in-relation theory is now more commonly known as what?
• Kohlberg is associated with which area of development?
• In 1991, which group presented a developmental theory for women commonly known as self-in-relation theory?
• What is the third tenet of Kohlberg's moral development called?
• Which concept states that there may be multiple paths to a given outcome?
• How does the organismic model view development?
• What characterizes Commitment in Relativism in Perry's framework?
• Levinson identifies four major eras of life. Which set correctly lists their age ranges?
• Piaget focused on which area of development?
• True or False: Less than 60% of the U.S. population has belief in a divine power?
• During the phallic stage, which pair of complexes are described for boys and girls respectively?
• Which option is NOT typically identified as an erogenous zone?
• Fixed ratio reinforcement schedule states that reinforcement comes after a fixed number of responses. Which option reflects this?
• Who was among the first to critique masculine bias in psychoanalytic theory in the mid-1970s?
• Relational-cultural theory emphasizes growth through what core relational process?
• Which mechanism involves receiving verbal encouragement from others that you can perform a task?
• What is a defining feature of Commitment in Relativism in Perry's framework?
• Conservation is understood during which Piagetian stage?
• Which option is NOT one of the four mechanisms that facilitate self-efficacy?
• In Piaget's theory, assimilation refers to which of the following?
• The castration anxiety concept is especially associated with which developmental insight?
• Erik Erikson developed how many stages of psychosocial development?
• Repression is defined as which of the following?
• GABA stands for which chemical name?
• Propinquity influences which aspect of relationships?
• Robert Havighurst is best known for identifying stages of growth in which way?
• By 24 months, what do most infants demonstrate regarding self-concept?
• Carol Tavris is the author of which book critiquing gender biases in measurement?
• Spontaneous recovery occurs when
• Which statement best describes a growth-fostering relationship in self-in-relation theory?
• Denial involves which of the following?
• Operant conditioning example given is what?
• Which defense mechanism entails retreating to earlier or more primitive forms of behavior?
• What ego virtue develops in the first stage of Erikson's theory?
• Integrity vs Despair occurs during which life stage?
• Stage 5 emphasizes social contracts and utilitarian orientation with what view of rules?
• Gilligan notes that women overlap with men on which dimension?
• Which Perry category includes the belief that authorities know the right answers?
• Introjection is defined as which of the following?
• What are the three sets of developmental tasks in Levinson's model?
• Regression is the act of which of the following?
• Which description best captures psychological dysfunction?
• The genital stage is described as lasting roughly from
• Erogenous zones are described as which areas?
• Which Eriksonian stage is associated with the ego virtue Fidelity?
• Stage 4 describes which orientation?
• Defense mechanisms are best understood as which of the following?
• Which level includes Stage 3 and Stage 4?
• In a year with 500 new cases in a population of 10,000 and 2,000 existing cases, which measure describes the number of new cases?
• Which Piagetian stage is characterized by abstract thinking and hypothesis testing?
• The broad categories of theories explaining growth include which of the following?
• Which of the following is NOT among the four principal neurotransmitters important to counselors?
• In intelligence theory, what does the letter 'g' denote?
• Intimacy vs Isolation occurs during which life period?
• Adaptive Functioning occurs when defense mechanisms cope with stress; which option best completes the list of mechanisms leading to adaptive functioning?
• Which traits are commonly associated with high emotional intelligence?
• Which mechanism involves paying attention to physiological states like anxiety when attempting a task?
• Which statement identifies a fixed interval reinforcement schedule?
• Developmental tasks are best described as the skills and attitudes a person must acquire over time. True or False?
• The latency stage in Freud's psychosexual development lasts roughly from
• In etiology, which dimensions are involved?
• What does fixation refer to in Freudian theory?
• Which Eriksonian stage is associated with the ego virtue of Love?
• Which description best illustrates Bronfenbrenner's ecological approach?
• Stage 5 is characterized by which orientation?
• The discontinuous view attributes growth as changes in abilities that delineate stages of development. Which example illustrates this view?
• What ego virtue is associated with the second stage?
• How can we identify a variable interval reinforcement schedule?
• What is a midlife crisis as described in developmental psychology?
• What does the statement 'lifespan development has plasticity' mean?
• When does emotional intelligence begin?
• Maslow contributed to psychology by developing which theory and with which school is he associated?
• Which statement best contrasts Maslow and Havighurst's focus?
• In operant conditioning, what is the result of reinforcing a desired behavior?
• Human growth and development can be viewed using which comparative concepts?
• Which term describes a positive-reinforcing stimulus that maintains or increases a behavior?
• According to Piaget, what two tendencies do we inherit?